| T O P I C R E V I E W |
| KYgurlsrbest |
Posted - Oct 17 2007 : 6:20:04 PM
So, I was out with our little Beagle, Daisy, in the front yard, and I noticed what appeared to be a honey bee going into a small, acorn sized hole in the dirt, at the base of our large oak in the front. Then he came back out, and after him, in one at a time succession (I counted) 30 or so bees coming out of the whole, one right after another--it was almost like they were a chorus line, with perfect timing. I would imagine there were many others, but I went inside to get my husband to see...
Anyone know what they were up to, or if they were actually honey bees?
"She was built like a watch, a study in balance ... with a neck and head so refined, like a drawing by DaVinci"...
NY Newsday sportswriter Bill Nack describing filly, Ruffian. |
| 8 L A T E S T R E P L I E S (Newest First) |
| Mumof3 |
Posted - Oct 18 2007 : 06:23:02 AM
Jonni- I would just leave them alone. And try to keep the dog from nosing around the opening! If they are yellow jackets, fall is their busy time, preparing for the winter. I guess you could be glad that they find your yard suitable for living in. Provided that they remain good neighbors and don't come out to bother you. :)
Karin
Wherever you go, there you are.
www.madrekarin.blogspot.com |
| KYgurlsrbest |
Posted - Oct 18 2007 : 06:14:29 AM
Thanks, girls. I am so glad you included that, Tina Michelle...I really don't like to hurt anything (I'm currently letting a wolf spider reside in my wellies on the porch :)). I was more curious than anythign--they looked like honey bees to me, but when I did a little searching for a picture of a yellow jacket, could be those guys, too. I was just so fascinated by the organization and what seemed like strategic planning by the bees, that I really wasn't paying too much attention to what color they were!
"She was built like a watch, a study in balance ... with a neck and head so refined, like a drawing by DaVinci"...
NY Newsday sportswriter Bill Nack describing filly, Ruffian. |
| Marybeth |
Posted - Oct 18 2007 : 06:06:02 AM
Thanks you Miss Tina. I am in awe...... I do like Bumble Bees and I have Mason Bee condos that I made to specs and are always full. MB
www.strawberryhillsfarm.blogspot.com
www.day4plus.blogspot.com www.holyhouses-day4plus.blogspot.com
"Life may not be the party we hoped for...but while we are here we might as well dance!" |
| Tina Michelle |
Posted - Oct 17 2007 : 10:22:22 PM
This might be helpful to know:
Digger Bees (Andrena, Colletes, and other species)
Many ground-nesting bees are known as digger bees, mining bees, or sand bees. They excavate nests in the ground, leaving small mounds of soil aboveground. They often hide their nest entrances beneath leaf litter or in the grass. (1) All digger bees are solitary, but some nest in dense aggregations. These bees pollinate a variety of plants. They are drab, solitary, and rarely noticed, yet they may be the most abundant wild pollinators in the field.
There are many species of digger bees found throughout North America. Most of these bees are known only by their Latin binomial names, although they are sometimes referred to as polyester bees. When the females build their nests, they line them with a polymeric secretion that looks shiny and synthetic. This material is waterproof, highly resistant to decay, and protects larvae while they are in the ground.
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Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)
Bumblebees are highly social, like honeybees, but with smaller, less structured nests, consisting of one to five hundred bees. Bumblebees work harder, faster, and at cooler temperatures than honeybees. (10) They prefer to nest underground, in undisturbed meadows, old barns and woodlots. (7)
Artificial nests can be made out of old styrofoam coolers or wooden boxes. To make a nest, drill drainage holes in the bottom and stuff the box with upholsterer's cotton. Make a hole in one side and place the box 6-12 inches underground. Connect the box to the soil surface with a piece of old garden hose, fitted into the hole in the box. (2)
In his book Humblebee Bumblebee, Brian Griffin discusses capturing colonies without harming either yourself or the bees. (11) It is possible to purchase a bumblebee "home" from Brian. See the Suppliers of Bees and Bee Equipment section for more information.
Bumblebee colonies are annual; the entire colony dies out each year and leaves only inseminated queens to hibernate through winter. The queen will start a new colony in spring. After she raises the first workers, she concentrates on laying eggs. She will lay about 20 eggs a day for the rest of her life, which lasts about another 18 weeks. (12) Most workers live for about a month. Larger bumblebee workers collect food and smaller ones maintain the nest and the young larvae. The size difference is largely dependent on the amount of food the bees eat while they are larvae. Colonies raise males and new queens towards the end of the growing season, usually between August and October.
Red clover is an excellent forage crop for bumblebees. By also providing forage plants that bloom eight or nine weeks ahead of red clover, growers can almost assure themselves of bumblebee colonies. (13) Bumblebees pollinate tomatoes, eggplants, peppers, melons, raspberries, blackberries, strawberries, blueberries, and cranberries, just to name a few. (1) Bumblebees are the only pollinators of potato flowers worldwide. (3)
Bumblebees can be raised artificially, but it's probably easier to attract natural populations. Several companies are now using a patented process developed by European scientists for rearing bumblebees. The companies are charging users from $150 to $300 per colony. The high cost limits the bees' use to pollinating high-value crops in greenhouses. More than 300,000 colonies are reported to be in use in greenhouses in Europe and North America. A colony lasts for about three months in a greenhouse, after which it must be replaced. (14)
Sweat Bees (Halictidae family)
Though most species of this small bee, found throughout the U.S., are black or brownish, some, such as Agapostemon femoratus, are bright metallic green. All species nest in the ground. Halictids have a range of nesting habits, from dispersed solitary nests to densely situated ones with individual bees sharing common entranceways to primitive social arrangements. Lateral tunnels end in a single cell. Halictid bees are common insects and good general pollinators. (15)
Sweat bees take their name from their habit of landing on people to lick the salt from their skin. Like most solitary bees, sweat bees are non-aggressive and will sting only if you swat at them.
Unlike other mining bees, halictid females mate before hibernating for the winter, so they can begin nesting earlier in the spring. (1) This allows them to raise only daughters during the growing season, much like bumblebees. Males are raised in late summer or early autumn.
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Alkali Bees (Nomia melanderi)
The alkali bee was among the first of the solitary bees to be used for pollination of alfalfa in the western U.S. (4) This native bee occurs naturally in areas west of the Rocky Mountains (16), and nests in moist alkaline soils near natural seeps and springs. (15) Western scientists and farmers attract this wild bee by building nests that simulate natural in-ground nests in alkaline soil. These nests are vertical and reach down a foot or two into the soil.
Although alkali bees are solitary, individuals nest near each other. (15) Adults are black with metallic-colored bluish, greenish, or yellowish bands circling the abdomen. (16) The larvae overwinter in their cells, then pupate and emerge from the soil in late spring or early summer, depending on temperature and moisture of the soil. (16) They rarely use their stings. The alkali bee also pollinates onions, clover, mint, and celery. (15)
Squash Bees (Peponapis pruinosa)
Squash bees, which are related to carpenter bees, collect pollen and nectar only from the flowers of cucurbits (squash, pumpkin, and gourd). These solitary bees are found throughout the U.S., except in the Northwest. (15) The bees nest in underground burrows. They become active at dawn, visiting cucurbit flowers until midday when the flowers close. (4)
As a result, they typically start to pollinate the crop before honeybees are abroad and have finished by the time honeybees are at their most active, from midmorning on. (4) They have life spans of about 2 months, until the food source is gone. (15)
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Leafcutter Bees (Megachile spp.)
Leafcutter bees are solitary bees, usually grayish in color, native to woodland areas. (1) There are more than 140 species found in North America. (15) They nest in ready-made wooden cavities, in hollow plant stems, and in drilled wood nesting blocks. The females cut pieces of leaves to line their nests. They can be rather particular about the leaves they use. One species, Megachile umatillensis, a bee native to the western U.S., cuts leaves only from an evening primrose (Oenethera pallida). (6)
Leafcutter bees prefer legume blossoms (15), but they will pollinate other crops, like carrots. (1) They are most active in midsummer, when the temperature rises above 70°F. (17) Leafcutters are efficient; 150 leafcutters can do the work of 3000 honeybees. They are gentle and ideal for greenhouse work. (1)
The alfalfa leafcutter bee, Megachile rotundata, is widely used for alfalfa pollination. Although not a native bee (it hails from Eurasia), it pollinates alfalfa better than any other insect. (17) The bee is roughly half as big as a honey bee, with light-colored bands on its abdomen. Barry Wolf Farms in Carrot River, Canada, is the largest broker of leafcutter bees in Canada. (17) Barry keeps his bees in styrofoam block nest trays he designed himself. Each tray is 48x12 inches, 3¾ inches thick and contains 20,000 holes where the female bees make their leaf-lined nests and lay their eggs. The cocooned larvae that develop stay in the nest block and are stored over winter in a climate-controlled on-farm warehouse. (17)
"In spring, three weeks before we want them to hatch, we incubate the nest blocks," Barry explains. "It takes three weeks to go from larvae to adult bee. The incubator trays are placed in tent domiciles in the fields, 20,000 bees per acre." (17) See the Suppliers of Bees section for more information on how to contact Barry.
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Carpenter Bees (Xylocopa spp.)
Carpenter bees are some of the largest bees and have a blue-black, green or purple metallic sheen. They excavate their own nest tunnels in wood, rather than use pre-existing cavities, but they will re-use old nests. They burrow into dry wood pretty much anywhere they can find it, but they prefer softwoods like pine, and avoid wood that is painted or covered with bark. (13) A nest consists of a round entrance hole (½" in diameter) and a tunnel back from it that can extend up to several feet. Carpenter bees become active when temperatures climb into the 70s in the spring. Mating occurs in April. Carpenter bees are longer-lived than most solitary bees. (6)
There are several species of native carpenter bees:
Xylocopa orpifex, the mountain carpenter bee, is native to the western U.S. and southern California. (13)
Xylocopa varipuncta, the valley carpenter bee, occurs naturally in Arizona and California. Females are shiny and black, while males are more tan. (13)
Xylocopa virginica and Xylocopa micans are found in the eastern U.S.
There are also 20 species of Ceratina (dwarf carpenter bees) native to North America. (6)
Male carpenter bees can be annoying, since they tend to buzz around your head. They have no sting, however, so they are completely harmless. The females possess a sting but they very rarely use it. Although carpenter bees can pollinate several crops, including passion fruit, blackberry, canola, corn, pepper, pole bean, and rhododendron, these bees often "rob" flowers by cutting into the side of flowers instead of pollinating them. (18)
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Mason Bees (Osmia spp.)
Bees in the genus Osmia are found throughout the U.S. All the bees in this family have similar nesting requirements. They don't excavate their own nests, but use existing holes instead. They can nest in straws or in wood blocks drilled with 5/16" holes. They are gregarious bees, so the nests should be close together. Placing the nests close to streams is advantageous, since mud for nest building can be collected there. (19)
Mason bees are so called because they construct their nests out of materials like mud and small pebbles. Eggs are laid in tubular cells, with up to 11 cells per nest. The female determines the sex of the egg and lays male eggs closer to the entrance hole. This assists in perpetuating the species in two ways. First, the males are more accessible to predators than females, and second, males emerge several days before females. If the female "at the back of the line" emerges first, she opens the cell of the next female and nips at her to urge her out of the nest. This continues down the line until all females have emerged from a single nest tube. (6)
The nests of Osmia should be positioned so that they receive morning sunlight. Put the nests up in late winter or very early spring, before the bees begin nesting and remove them after nesting is completed. If the blocks are stored outdoors over winter, the bees will emerge after temperatures have reached 55°F. Wherever the boards are stored, they must be kept out of rain and snow. (19)
If nests are left outside, low winter temperatures may kill bees. Warm spells in late winter may draw bees out of the nest prematurely, killing even more when cold temperatures return. By storing bees under refrigeration, they can remain dormant until spring arrives. (20) To build up large populations of mason bees, store the nests under refrigeration at 35-40°F. Greg Dickman, a grower in Auburn, Indiana, stores his inventory of 700,000 bees in a 12x12 shed over winter. One wall of the shed holds all the bees. (14) Brian Griffin also recommends placing the nests in a paper bag along with a moist paper towel, to reduce dehydration. (9) Indoor storage reduces the likelihood of predation and also allows the grower to control the time of emergence. In this case, the nests should not be placed in storage until September or October. (19) Then, allow about 3 days of at least 50°F weather, and the bees will begin to emerge.
Osmia lignaria (commonly called the orchard mason bee, blue orchard bee, mason bee, or orchard bee) is a pollinator of many fruit crops, including almond, apple, cherry, pear, and plum. (16) The orchard mason bee (OMB) is a native, solitary bee, slightly smaller than a honeybee and is shiny dark blue. They are non-aggressive and rarely sting. One only needs 250-750 orchard mason bees to pollinate an acre of apples. It would take 60,000-120,000 honeybees to cover the same area.
Osmia cornifrons (the horned-faced or hornfaced bee) is a commercial pollinator of apples in Japan and is a pollinator of orchard crops grown in areas of higher humidities in the U.S. (16) The hornfaced bee is 80 times more effective than honeybees for pollinating apples. (14) A single hornfaced bee can visit 15 flowers a minute, setting 2,450 apples in a day, compared to the 50 flowers set in a honeybee's day. In Japan, where hornfaced bees pollinate up to 30 percent of the country's apple crop (14), apple growers need only about 500 to 600 hornfaced bees per hectare (2.47 acres). (3)
Osmia ribifloris (sometimes called the blueberry bee) has been used successfully as a highly effective and manageable pollinator of high bush blueberry. (16) This bee, native to the western U.S., pollinates blueberries three times faster than a honeybee. (15) Only 300 Osmia ribifloris are needed to pollinate an acre of blueberries. (3)
Shaggy Fuzzyfoot Bee (Anthophora pilipes)
The shaggy fuzzyfoot bee is a fat, shaggy, fast-flying bee that buzz-pollinates blueberries. In this type of pollination, the bee creates a vibration that releases the pollen from inside tiny, tubelike anthers. Shaggy fuzzyfoots pollinate in the rain. They pollinate blueberries, apples, and other crops for about 6 weeks in the spring. During this time, females lay eggs in mud cells. Bee larvae grow inside them during the summer, pupate in the fall, become adults, and hibernate in the cells over winter. They're best adapted to a moist, warm climate and can survive mild winters. (3)
Other Pollinators
The bees listed above are by no means inclusive of all available pollinators. Other candidates among the native bees include sunflower bees (Eumegachile pugnata) and blueberry bees (Habropoda laboriosa). (4) Beetles, butterflies, moths, and flies can also be good pollinators.
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| ~Tracey~ |
Posted - Oct 17 2007 : 9:21:53 PM
We have had those too and they were neither yellowjackets nor bumble. DH is asleep so I cannot ask him what they were. If you don't do something about it, they will spread there little underground world and you will see more of these holes. We never had any "trouble" out of them, they were just around and in and out of the ground. a big bother for bare footers here. He started putting sticks in the holes to plug them up and watered heavily (they will leave wet areas).... haven't seen them this year. He may have put some other "stuff" in the holes but I will have to ask him tomorrow.
Tracey,
mama to Callum 14, Katie 9, Wil 6.5, Benjamin 4 and Andrew 18 months!!
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| Marybeth |
Posted - Oct 17 2007 : 7:28:24 PM
It also could be a bumble bee nest as they go underground--yellow jackets I don't like but be kind to the bumbles. MB
www.strawberryhillsfarm.blogspot.com
www.day4plus.blogspot.com www.holyhouses-day4plus.blogspot.com
"Life may not be the party we hoped for...but while we are here we might as well dance!" |
| KYgurlsrbest |
Posted - Oct 17 2007 : 6:30:21 PM
Super!  What do we do, Karin? Just leave em' alone over Winter, or do we spritz something down there....I hate to think of doing that--give me a reason to keep them around, huh?
"She was built like a watch, a study in balance ... with a neck and head so refined, like a drawing by DaVinci"...
NY Newsday sportswriter Bill Nack describing filly, Ruffian. |
| Mumof3 |
Posted - Oct 17 2007 : 6:24:57 PM
Sounds like you have a yellow jacket nest. :( My husband has been stung many time by running over a nest opening with the lawnmower. They are not very nice.
Karin
Wherever you go, there you are.
www.madrekarin.blogspot.com |
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